Wednesday, January 29, 2014

What Spirometers Are Used For

By Marissa Velazquez


Spirometers are a very useful tool for a doctor to diagnose breathing conditions such as chronic obstructive disease (COPD) and lung capacity in general for those who present symptoms of concern. They are a great diagnostic tool for those who are currently under treatment for lung conditions to see if the treatment is effective. It measures the flow of air going in and out of the lungs and how fast it is moving.

When used on patients who currently have a lung condition, it can show the efficacy of medication that was prescribed and to monitor symptoms. Conditions such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema can be diagnosed with this test.

Before the test is performed, patients who are on inhalant or other medications should skip using them during testing. Avoid eating a large meal so as to make breathing easier and wear loose clothing so that breathing will be unconstricted.

Before the test begins a soft clip will be placed on the nose to prevent air from escaping though it as well as a mouthpiece filter will be used to guard against contaminants. A deep breath will be taken and then exhaled as hard as is possible into the mouthpiece on the spirometer to test air flow. This can cause one to feel dizzy for a bit or have shortness of breath. One may be asked to repeat this three times to get an accurate reading.

If inhaled medications are administered after the initial test to keep the lungs open, one should wait at least 15 minutes before taking another test. Comparison can then be made between the two tests to see if the medication improved airflow. Each test takes less than 15 minutes to do. The measurements include the largest amount of air that can be exhaled, called forced vital capacity (FVC), and another reading shows how much air can be exhaled in one second, known as forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).

This test is often used to detect respiratory disease in patients who exhibit symptoms of shortness of breath, to diagnose and manage asthma, and to differentiate between cardiac disease and respiratory conditions. It is used to measure the efficacy of treatment in conditions previously detected, to diagnose vocal cord dysfunction, identify the risk of pulmonary barotrauma in scuba divers, access the damage from occupational asthma, differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disease, and to measure bronchial responsiveness.

In order for this test to show accurate results, the patient needs to be cooperative. It can be used on children, but it is advised that they be at least 6 years of age or more. It is not a good test for those who are heavily sedated, have limited respiratory effort, are unconscious, or cannot understand the instructions.

Spirometers are an invaluable instrument for checking lung function while doing rigorous exercise, to check for hyper-responsiveness to the inhalation of either cold or dry air, for bronchial challenge testing, and when using medications such as methacholine or histamines.




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