Tuesday, September 22, 2015

Some Basics On Prostate Health You Need To Know

By Daphne Bowen


The prostate is an important gland to reproduction. This gland produces secretions that nourish the sperm cells and make the pH of seminal fluid optimal for survival of these cells. Unfortunately, the gland is prone to many diseases that range from, inflammatory conditions to infections to tumors. The risk increases as we grow older. It is important to learn about these conditions that affect prostate health if you are to handle them effectively.

Prostatitis is a condition that is characterized by low abdominal pains, frequency in urination and painful urination. This condition is commonly caused by bacteria but there are cases in which no organism is isolated. Urine analysis is required to identify the exact organism that is responsible. Commonly used antibiotics include ciprofloxacin, oral metronidazole and doxycycline for simple infections. Intravenous drugs such as ceftriaxone is used in the case of severe infections.

Prostatic cancer and benign prostatic enlargement (or simply, BPE) are some of the major causes of hospital visits among men aged 40 to 70 years. In the early stages, it is quite challenging to differentiate the two on clinical assessment only. Only histological examination of biopsy specimens would do that. Predisposing factors include, among others, prolonged use of alcohol, smoking and a positive family history. Being less invasive, BPE tends to have better prognosis after treatment.

Most of the early symptoms of prostatic cancer are related to voiding of urine. Patients will notice changes in the frequency of urination, there will also be urgency, dribbling, a weak stream of urine and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. These symptoms are also seen among patients suffering from BPE. As the cancer continues to advance, other organs near the gland including the bladder and the rectum are also affected.

Distant organs may also be affected due to metastatic. The common areas in which these metastases will be found include the pelvis and the spine. As a result, bone pain in later stages of prostatic cancer is a common complaint. When a significant proportion of vertebral bodies is involved, paraplegia may ensue. X-ray and CT scan images of the spine and pelvis will help confirm these complications.

While it is not possible to prevent either the cancer or BPE, a lot can be done in the area of early detection. This will in turn help to start early treatment and to prevent adverse outcomes. All men at risk (between the ages of forty and above and those with a positive family history), should strive to have at least one medical checkup annually.

A number of things will be done during the checkup. A medical history will be taken as relates to your micturition habits and this will be followed by a comprehensive physical examination. The main focus here will be the digital rectal examination that is aimed at determining the size, shape and consistency of your prostate.

The main investigations that are requested for are an ultrasound of the organ either through the abdominal or rectal route and a determination of PSA levels. PSA levels are proportional to the activity (and by extension, the size) of the prostate. When the levels are moderately elevated, BPE is suspected and when markedly raised, cancer is probable. Treatments will be guided by these findings.




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